How to convert utf8 to utf8mb4 in MySQL?

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# Run this once on each schema you have (Replace database_name with your schema name)
ALTER DATABASE database_name CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

# Run this once for each table you have (replace table_name with the table name)
ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

# Run this for each column (replace table name, column_name, the column type, maximum length, etc.)
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;






Please note that you'll have to consider the consequences of increasing the column size from 3 bytes per character to 4. For example, MySQL indexes are limited to 768 bytes. This means that if you increase VARCHAR(255) from 3 bytes per character to 4 bytes per character, you won't meet that limit anymore.